Studying the change of average waves of the Caspian Sea using the altimetry data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/JMMCS-2019-1-618Keywords:
satellite altimetry, the Caspian Sea, the inland reservoir, wave climateAbstract
For the coastal countries, the Caspian Sea is an essential economic object, including the implementation of transport routes, fishing, the availability of potential mineral resources of the seabed and deeper layers. Also, the ecological state of this region is of great importance. Therefore, the study of the wave climate of the sea is vital for all riparian countries. Satellite altimetry has become an increasingly important technology for monitoring of continental surface waters. In this article, we explore a possibility to obtain reliable information on the wave climate in the Caspian Sea using satellite altimetry. We used measurements of significant wave heights from a Jason-1 mission over ten-year period. The data were cleaned and checked for the possible errors. The analysis of average significant wave heights in the Caspian Sea showed overall a consistent picture. The highest wave heights are observed in the Middle part of the basin. The waves have lesser intensity in the Southern basin and the Northern part. The analysis of seasonal variability showed that the most energetic waves appear in the winter season.
References
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[2] Kara A.B., Wallcraft A.J., Metzger E.J., Gunduz M., "Impacts of freshwater on the seasonal variations of surface salinity and circulation in the Caspian Sea", Continental Shelf Research, 30, (2010) : 1211-1225.
[3] Soomere T., R¨a¨amet A., "Spatial patterns of the wave climate in the Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Finland", Oceanologia, 53(1-TI), (2011) : 335-371.
[4] Pettersson H., Kahma K.K., Tuomi L., "Wave directions in a narrow bay", Journal of Physical Oceanography 40(1), 155-169 (2010).
[5] Kudryavtseva N., Soomere T., "Satellite altimetry reveals spatial patterns of variations in the Baltic Sea wave climate", Earth System Dynamics, 8(3), (2017) : 697-706.
[6] Broman B., Hammarklint T., Rannat K., Soomere T., Valdmann A., "Trends and extremes of wave fields in the northeastern part of the Baltic Proper", Oceanologia, 48(S), (2006) : 165-184.
[7] Tuomi L., Kahma K.K., Pettersson H., "Wave hindcast statistics in the seasonally ice-covered Baltic Sea", Boreal Environ. Res., 16(6), (2011) : 451-472.
[8] Kudryavtseva N.A., Soomere T., "Validation of the multi-mission altimeter wave height data for the Baltic Sea region", Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 65(3), (2016) : 161-175.
[9] Ruest B., Neumeier U., Dumont D., Bismuth E., Senneville S., Caveen J., "Recent wave climate and expected future changes in the seasonally ice-infested waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada", Clim. Dyn., 46(1-2), (2016) : 449-466.
[10] Komen G.J., Cavaleri L., Donelan M., Hasselmann K., P.A.E.M. Janssen., "Dynamics and Modelling of Ocean Waves", Cambridge University Press, (1994) : 532.
[11] WAMDI Group., "The WAM Model – A Third Generation Ocean Prediction Model", Journal of Physical Oceanography, 18, (1988) : 1775-1810.
[12] Booij N., Ris R.C., Holthuijsen L.H., "A third-generation wave model for coastal regions: Model description and validation", Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 104(C4), (1999) : 7649-7666.
[13] Booij N., Holthuijsen L.H., Ris R.C., "The SWAN wave model for shallow water", Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Orlando, 1, (1996) : 668-676.
[14] Moeini M.H., Etemad-Shahidi A., "Application of two numerical models for wave hindcasting in Lake Erie", Applied Ocean Research, 29(3), (2007) : 137-145.
[15] Popov S.K., "Modelirovanie klimaticheskoi termohalinnoi cirkuliyacii v Kaspiiskom more [Simulation of climatic thermohaline circulation of the Caspian Sea]", Meteorologiya i hydrologiya [Meteorology and hydrology] no 5 (2004): 76-84.
[16] Lebedev S.A., "Dynamica Caspiiskogo morya po dannym sputnikovoi altimetrii [Dynamics of the Caspian Sea based on satellite altimetry data]", Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa [Modern problems of remote sensing of the Earth from space] vol. 12, no 4 (2015): 72-85.
[17] Jain P., Deo M.C., "Neural networks in ocean engineering", International Journal of Ships and Offshore Structures, 1(1), (2006) : 25-35.
[18] Deo M.C., Jha A., Chaphekar A.S., Ravikant K., "Neural networks for wave forecasting", Ocean Engineering, 28 (7), (2001) : 889-898.
[19] Zamani A., Solomatine D., Azimian A., Heemink A., "Learning from data for wind-wave forecasting", Ocean Engineering, 35(10), (2008) : 953-962.
[20] Zamani A., Azimian A., Heemink A., Solomatine D., "Wave height prediction at the Caspian Sea using a data-driven model and ensemble-based data assimilation methods", J. Hydroinf., 11(2), (2009) : 154-164.
[21] Zamani A.R., Badri M.A., "Wave energy estimation by using a statistical analysis and wave buoy data near the southern Caspian Sea", China Ocean Eng., 29(2), (2015) : 275-286.
[22] Zounemat-Kermani M., Kisi O., "Time series analysis on marine wind-wave characteristics using chaos theory", Ocean Engineering, 100, (2015) : 46-53.
[23] Gaur S., Deo M.C., "Real-time wave forecasting using genetic programming", Ocean Engineering, 35(11-12), (2008) : 1166-1172. [24] ¨Ozger M., S¸en Z., "Prediction of wave parameters by using fuzzy logic approach", Ocean Engineering, 34(3-4), (2007) : 460-469.
[25] Queffeulou P., "Long-term validation of wave height measurements from altimeters", Marine Geodesy, 27(3-4), (2004) : 495-510.
[26] Queffeulou P., Bentamy A., Croiz´e-Fillon D., "Analysis of seasonal wave height anomalies from satellite data over the global oceans", In Proceedings of the ESA Living Planet Symposium, Bergen, Norway, SP-686, ESA (2010).
[27] Queffeulou P., Croiz´e-Fillon D., "Global Altimeter SWH Data Set", Technical Report, IFREMER, Brest (2012).
[28] Francis O.P., Panteleev G.G., Atkinson D.E., "Ocean wave conditions in the Chukchi Sea from satellite and in situ observations", Geophysical Research Letters, 38(24), L24610 (2011).
[29] Shaeb K.H.B., Anand A., Joshi A.K., Bhandari S.M., "Comparison of near coastal significant wave height measurements from SARAL/AltiKa with wave rider buoys in the Indian region", Marine Geodesy, 38(1), (2015) : 422-436.
[30] Kumar U.M., Swain D., Sasamal S.K., Reddy N.N., Ramanjappa T., "Validation of SARAL/AltiKa significant wave height and wind speed observations over the North Indian Ocean", Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 135, (2015) : 174-180.
[31] Cavaleri L., Sclavo M., "The calibration of wind and wave model data in the Mediterranean Sea", Coastal Engineering, 53(7), (2006) : 613-627.
[32] Galanis G., Hayes D., Zodiatis G., Chu P.C., Kuo Y.-H., Kallos G., "Wave height characteristics in the Mediterranean Sea by means of numerical modeling, satellite data, statistical and geometrical techniques", Marine Geophysical Research, 33(1), (2012) : 1-15.
[33] Hithin N.K., Kumar V.S., Shanas P.R., "Trends of wave height and period in the Central Arabian Sea from 1996 to 2012: a study based on satellite altimeter data", Ocean Engineerin, 108, (2015) : 416-425.
[34] Soomere T., Keevallik S., "Anisotropy of moderate and strong winds in the Baltic proper", Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Eng., 7(1), (2001) : 35-49.
[35] Scharroo R., "RADS version 3.1 User Manual and Format Specifications", Available at http://rads.tudelft.nl/rads/radsmanual.pdf [viewed 17 July 2016], 2012.
[36] Scharroo R., Leuliette E.W., Lillibridge J.L., Byrne D., Naeije M.C. & Mitchum G.T., "RADS: consistent multi-mission products. In Proceedings of the Symposium on 20 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry", Venice, 20-28 September, 2012. European Space Agency Special Publication, SP-710, (2013) : 1-4.
[37] Chelton D.B., Ries J.C., Haines B.J., Fu L.-L., Callahan P.S., "Satellite altimetry. In Satellite Altimetry and the Earth Sciences: A Handbook for Techniques and Applications", L.-L. Fu and A. Cazenave, Eds., Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., (2001) : 1-131.
[38] Lebedev S.A., Kostyanoi A.G., Lavrova O.Yu., "Dynamics of the Caspian Sea from satellite altimetry data", Modern problems of Earth remote sensing from space, 12 (4), (2015) : 72-85.
[39] Shiea M., Chegini V., Bidokhti A.A., "Impact of wind and thermal forcing on the seasonal variation of three-dimensional circulation in the Caspian Sea", Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 45(5), (2016) : 671-686.
[40] Kamranzad B., Etemad-Shahidi A., Chegini V., "Sustainability of wave energy resources in southern Caspian Sea", Energy, 97, (2016) : 549-559.
[41] Sharbaty S., "3-D Simulation of Wind-Induced Currents Using MIKE 3 HS Model in the Caspian Sea", Canadian Journal on Computing in Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, 3(3), (2012) : 45-54.
[42] Klige R.K., Myagkov M.S., "Changes in the water regime of the Caspian sea", GeoJournal, 27(3), (1992) : 299-307.
[43] Alamian R., Shafaghat R., Hosseini S.S., Zainali A., "Wave energy potential along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea", International Journal of Marine Energy, 19, (2017) : 221-234.
[44] Lebedev S.A., Kostianoy A.G., "Satellite altimetry of the Caspian Sea", Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa [Modern problems of remote sensing of the Earth from space] vol. 2, no 3 (2006): 113-120.
[45] Lebedev S.A., Kostianoy A.G., "Integrated Use of Satellite Altimetry in the Investigation of the Meteorological, Hydrological, and Hydrodynamic Regime of the Caspian Sea", J. Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 19(1-2), (2008) : 71-82, doi: 10.3319/TAO.2008.19.1-2.71.
[46] LebedevS.A.,"InvestigationseasonalandinterannualvariabilityoftheCaspianSeaDynamicsbasedonSatelliteAltimetry data", Proceedings of Living Planet Symposium, Czech Republic, Prague (2016).
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How to Cite
Rakisheva, Z. B., Kudryavtseva, N., Kussembayeva, K. K., & Sakhayeva, A. K. (2019). Studying the change of average waves of the Caspian Sea using the altimetry data. Journal of Mathematics, Mechanics and Computer Science, 101(1), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.26577/JMMCS-2019-1-618
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Mechanics
